Why is called cancer?

The term "cancer" refers to a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in the body. The name itself has deep historical roots, originating from the Greek word karkinos, which translates to "crab." The association between cancer and a crab is primarily attributed to the way the disease spreads and the way tumors appear to encircle or cling to surrounding tissues, similar to a crab’s legs. This historical perspective has persisted through time, even as our understanding of cancer has evolved significantly.


Origin of the Term "Cancer"
The first recorded use of the term Barigen 4 mg (Baricitinib) is often attributed to the ancient Greek physician Hippocrates, who is considered the father of modern medicine. In his writings, he described tumors as "karkinoma" (meaning crab-like in appearance) and "onkos" (meaning swelling). The term "karkinos" was used to describe the appearance of malignant tumors, which he observed had veins that seemed to spread out in a pattern resembling a crab’s legs. Hippocrates made this observation during the 5th century BCE, and his medical terminology has heavily influenced subsequent generations of doctors and scientists.


Later, the Roman physician Celsus (circa 25 BCE - 50 CE) further refined the understanding of cancer, referring to it as "cancer," still using the word for crab. He noted that cancers were "hard and irregular" and also appeared to be attached to surrounding tissues, reinforcing the analogy with the crab’s grip. This metaphor was powerful enough to continue through centuries of medical practice.


Cancer and Its Biological Meaning
In a biological context, cancer represents a condition in which the body’s normal regulatory processes that control cell growth and division are disrupted. Healthy cells follow a strict program of growth, division, and death (apoptosis) as needed. However, cancerous cells bypass these regulations, leading to uncontrolled growth. Over time, these cells form tumors, invade surrounding tissues, and can even spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymphatic systems, a process known as metastasis.


This unregulated growth and invasion of cancerous cells contribute to the body’s inability to function properly. Unlike benign tumors, which do not spread and are generally less dangerous, malignant tumors grow aggressively, invade nearby tissues, and can lead to serious complications or death if left untreated.


The Greek and Roman Influence on Medical Terminology
The names of many medical conditions, including cancer, are derived from Latin and Greek words. Greek and Roman physicians shaped much of early medical knowledge, and their observations have laid the foundation for modern medical terminology. The continuation of using words like karkinos for cancer exemplifies the lasting impact of these ancient civilizations on contemporary medicine.


Despite advances in our understanding of the disease, the term "cancer" has remained largely unchanged due to its historical significance and its effectiveness in describing the disease's characteristic features. For many, the word "cancer" evokes a sense of permanence and gravitas, likely because of the long-standing connection between the term and its potentially life-threatening nature.


Symbolism of Cancer
The crab symbol has also been adopted in modern cancer awareness campaigns, further cementing the connection between the disease and its ancient name. The crab symbolizes persistence, clinging tightly, and spreading, much like how cancerous cells can attach themselves to vital organs and spread throughout the body. In some cultures, the crab symbol has been adopted as a metaphor for the fight against cancer, symbolizing both the tenacity of the disease and the determination of those battling it.


Cancer's Cultural Impact
Over the centuries, cancer has come to represent more than just a physical ailment. It is a symbol of fear and uncertainty for many due to its perceived link to death. The word has invoked emotional responses and shaped societal views about illness and mortality. In literature, art, and even in the zodiac, where Cancer is one of the twelve astrological signs, the symbol of the crab is often associated with both mystery and endurance.


In modern times, cancer is often discussed in medical, personal, and social contexts. While the word itself may have ancient origins, it continues to reflect the struggle of millions worldwide who face a diagnosis of cancer. With advances in medical treatments and research, new hope is emerging for many patients, even as the ancient name endures.